Overview

Elk (Cervus canadensis) are typically grown for their antler velvet, the soft new growth on antlers. The velvet is harvested in early summer and then frozen, dried and sold. In the United States, elk are also know as wapiti (whop eh tee), a Native American word for elk.

Commercial elk production has been taking place in North America since the late 1800s. The North American Elk Breeders Association's conservative estimate is that over 100,000 captive elk are currently farmed or ranched in the United States. Elk production actually spans the globe, with the heaviest concentrations in New Zealand, China, Russia, United States, Canada and Germany.  November 2007 . . .  Elk

Other Links

• 2006 Minnesota Elk Inventory, NASS, USDA, February 2007.
• Captive Deer and Elk Industry Awareness Information, National Wildlife Federation, 2006 - Basic information on wildlife disease and other risks associated with the captive elk industry. 
• Cervena - The name given to premium farmed venison from New Zealand that has been naturally produced and processed in accredited plants.
• Chronic Wasting Disease and Cervidae Regulations in North America, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, April 2007.
• Deer and Elk, OMAFRA, Ontario, Canada, 2007.  
• DeerFarmer.com - Deer and elk farmers’ information network.
• Deer Research Reports, Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Australia.

• The Economic Impact of Pennsylvania’s Deer Farms, Pennsylvania Deer Farmers Association, February 2007.

• Elk Factsheets, Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiative, 2006.

  Elk Production, Agricultural Alternatives, Penn State Cooperative Extension, 2007 - Marketing, facilities, breeding, nutrition, health and budget information for elk production.

• Elk Velvet Antler, Meadow Creek Elk Farm - Outlines historical uses and scientific research on uses of velvet.

• Marketing the Elk Industry in Difficult Times, Deerfarmer.com archive library, 2003.

• National Animal Health Surveillance System Outlook - Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) surveillance, 2005.

• North American Elk Breeders Association - Information to help promote and enhance the North American elk industry.

• Qeva - Canadian resources and related information on elk velvet antler.

• Raising Deer and Elk, Cornell University Cooperative Extension, 2005.

• A Risk-based Audit of the Captive/Privately Owned Cervid Industry in Michigan, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, 2005 - This report identifies the need for improvements in the cervid industry to minimize the risks of introduction and propagation of CWD.

• USDA Takes Steps to Battle CWD, American Veterinary Medical Association, 2005.

 Links checked February 2008.