Overview

Unlike other countries, such as Australia, the United States produces a limited amount of hard white wheat (HWW). Annual production of HWW has ranged between 220 and 350 million bushels since the 1990s, and every year at least half of the crop is exported.  

According to the Economic Research Service, 255 million bushels of HWW were produced in 2008, primarily in Washington, Oregon and Idaho. Around 33 percent, or 85 million bushels, of the HWW crop were used for food. The largest portion, over 53 percent or 136 million bushels, of HWW was exported. Imports were negligible (8 million bushels).  November 2009 ... Hard White Wheat


Marketing

• Hard White Wheat at a Crossroads, Economic Research Service (ERS), USDA, 2004.
  
• National Association of Wheat Growers
• New & Improved Wheat Uses Audit, National Association of Wheat Growers, 2002 - The uses and characteristics identified during the audit and deemed to have a sufficient probability of success were grouped into three categories for this report: new or improved uses of wheat; new or improved wheat characteristics; and new or improved uses of wheat by-products.
• The U.S. Grain Consumption Landscape: Who Eats Grain, in What Form, Where, and How Much?, ERS, USDA, 2007 - This study compared Americans’ consumption of grains with the recommendations in the government’s 2005 Dietary Guidelines. The analysis confirmed a national preference for refined grains.
• U.S. Wheat Associates - On behalf of America's wheat producers, this organization supplies training and information to customers in over 100 countries.
• Wheat, ERS, USDA - Examines supply, use, prices, and trade for wheat, including supply and demand prospects in major importing and exporting countries. Contains data and information on U.S. wheat by class.
  
• Wheat Marketing Center, Portland, Oregon.
• Will Hard White Wheat Become a Sustainable Wheat Class?, Amber Waves, ERS, USDA, 2005.
  

Processing/Manufacturing

• American Institute of Baking (AIB) - Source for education and research in the science of baking, bakery management, equipment, ingredients, cereal science, nutrition, food safety and hygiene, occupational safety and maintenance engineering.
• Economic Issues with Milling Hard White Wheat, Kansas State University, 2003 - This publication focuses on the milling properties of hard white wheat versus hard red wheat, and thus the objective of this publication is to determine the potential economic benefits from varying flour extraction rates.

Production

• Arkansas Wheat Research, University of Arkansas.
  
• Crop Production Annual Summary, National Ag Statistics Service (NASS), USDA, 2009.
• Hard White Wheat, North Dakota State University Extension Service, 2006.
  
• Kansas Wheat Commission
• Small Grains Annual Summary, NASS, USDA, 2009.
• Wheat, Kansas State University Research and Extension.
  
• Wheat Industry Research Committee

Businesses/Case Studies

• Dakota Growers Pasta: Vertical Integration in Durum Wheat and the Pasta Manufacturing Industry, Kansas State University, 2002 - This “case study” looks at whether a potential acquisition would be beneficial to Dakota Growers Pasta and how the board went about their decision.
  
• Value Added Products (VAP) Cooperative,  Alva, Oklahoma - This cooperative was started in 2000 with “the idea and a group of 25 wheat farmers who were looking for ways to increase the value of the wheat they grow.” The wheat grown by VAP is used primarily in pizza dough, with a small percentage used for cinnamon rolls, breads and croissants.
• Wheat, The New American Farmer, SARE, USDA - This book describes the farming operations of eleven farmers from eleven different states who raise wheat as one of their diverse crops.

Links checked November 2009.